Cairo travel guide: the pyramids, the Nile and old Cairo

Cairo is huge, loud and unforgettable: the last surviving wonder of the ancient world stands at its edge, the Nile runs through its centre, and its old quarters are full of history. Four to five days are a good first visit.

Must-see sights

• The Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx — go early in the morning to beat the heat and the crowds
• The Grand Egyptian Museum next to the pyramids, home to the treasures of Tutankhamun
• Islamic Cairo: Al-Azhar Mosque, Al-Muizz Street and the Khan el-Khalili bazaar
• The Citadel of Saladin and the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, with views across the city
• A felucca sailboat ride on the Nile at sunset

Day trips

• Saqqara and Dahshur, home to the Step Pyramid and the Bent Pyramid, about an hour south
• Alexandria on the Mediterranean, around three hours by road or train

Getting around

Cairo International Airport (CAI) is about 20 km from downtown, but traffic can make the drive long — plan extra time. Ride-hailing apps are the easiest and fairest way to move around; the metro is cheap for central areas. A pre-booked airport transfer helps on late-night arrivals.

Practical tips

• The currency is the Egyptian pound (EGP). Carry small notes for tips and markets.
• Visa rules depend on your nationality — check Egypt's official e-visa portal before you travel.
• October to April is the most comfortable season; summer is very hot.
• At tourist sites, agree prices for camel or horse rides before you start.